The cume areco 'understand' idiom in Timucua

Cume means 'heart, soul'  in Timucua and areco means 'make'.  The combination of the two quasi-idiomatically means 'understand', and this is a frequent beginning of the confessional material, in the form 'you must understand X'.  This is expressed in a few ways, but one of the most common is

cume areco-no        le-habe

heart make-nmzr    be-irr

'Understanding will be'  = 'You must understand'.

Some textual examples:

  'You must understand, this evil person that I explained to you previously, Lucifer, the hiti as you say'

'You must understand this, due to Adam and Eve, the heavens, as I previously said to you, are closed...'

An expression of judgment with chiba in Colonial Zapotec

The following is my best guess at the analysis of a passage from Feria's Doctrina in Colonial Valley Zapotec.  What is of some interest is trying to work out the right analysis of the word chiba here.  It probably is related to the word 'put', which is a causative of 'sit':

The word that follows is xihui, which means 'sin'.  So the whole phrase, we know from the translation, means 'condemned by Pontius Pilate'.  But what is the literal Zapotec? Chiba xihui seems like 'place sin', so is 'condemn' = 'place sin', with =ni serving as the subject of this verb?

Still, it's hard to understand the syntax of the part that follows this... justicia ni pettogo xihui xitichani Iuez nila Poncio Pylato.   From looking at other examples of 'judge'  it seems that the verb  ttogo is always followed by a form of ticha 'word', so that this is a quasi-idiomatic expression.  (The possessor of the word seems to be the person who is judged.)  "Judge a person's sins" seems to involve putting the word  xihui between these two parts.

Gentiles = people apart

I worked out today that the phrase yuvii yaníj , literally 'people who are apart' is the phrase which translates 'Gentile' or 'Greek' in the Copala Triqui translation of the New Testament, as in the following passage:

Yuvii  is the ordinary word for 'people', and yaníj means 'apart, separated'.  So the combination 'people apart' or 'separated people' means 'Gentile'.

Here is an example of yaníj used in its more usual way to mean 'apart':