Showing posts with label habitual. Show all posts
Showing posts with label habitual. Show all posts

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

More "perfect" plus habitual in Colonial Zapotec

The following passage from Feria shows another instance of the so-called "perfect" hua~oa- before the habitual aspect marker <t>.

The semantic function in this case seems to be what the aspect theorists call the 'universal perfect' (See a nice explanation of the different kinds of perfect in this paper by Paul Kiparsky).

'Because very numerous are the sins the devil always teaches us; the are uncountable; the wants to make us sin in the face, the hear, the ear, the mouth...'

The notable thing is the occurence of oa-ti- before the verb 'desire'. Since the devil's desires are eternal, it is presumably appropriate to use the universal perfect here. 

Friday, March 8, 2013

The function of hua- in Colonial Valley Zapotec

In Colonial Valley Zapotec texts, we often see an aspect marker that is spelled something like hue or hua before the verb.  The function of this marker is a bit uncertain, and in the modern Valley Zapotec languages that I am most familiar with, it is no longer in use.

The following passages, from an 1823 Catechism, however, seem to show that hua is not strictly speaking an aspect marker, but another kind of morpheme that precedes the aspect prefix /r-/.  





In modern Valley Zapotec /r-/ is habitual, but in Colonial Valley Zapotec, /r-/ had a wider range of uses.  Perhaps at this point in the 19th century, the combination huari was the normal way to indicate repeated actions?

Contrast the following where the /r-/ appears without the hua.  Here we seem to have more of an eternal 'gnomic' style reading of the clauses: