A new Timucua book

My colleague and coauthor Timothy Johnson recently managed to discover a new Timucua book!

Here is a press release about it
https://www.flagler.edu/campus-community/news/flagler-professor-discovers-unknown-spanish-timucua-book-while-on-sabbatical.php?fbclid=IwAR31P56IhRyRKItBcFxToJaxtfpUcv7TsqeLdxXAK2Xi9c9lViSGIwgC0Yg

Some additional information:

• It is bound together with a copy of the 1627 Catechismo y Examen  (Pareja, Francisco. 1627b. Cathecismo y Examen para los que comulgan. En lengua castellana y Timuquana. Mexico City: Imprenta de Iuan Ruyz.) There is another copy of this 1627 work in the British Museum, but the Codrington copy has the 1628 work bound after it.
• It does not duplicate any previously known book.
• The title calls it Part IIII, suggesting that Pareja, Francisco. 1627a.Catecismo en lengua timuquana y castellana en el qual se instruyen y cathequizan los adultos infieles que an de ser Christianos. Mexico City: Emprenta de Ioan Ruyz  was probably intended to be parts 1 and 2.  More on this:
• Pareja 1627 does have two parts -- the first part is an account of the creation of the world and the birth of Christ.  The second part is an edited/corrected version of the 1612 book Pareja, Francisco. 1612a. Cathecismo en lengua castellana, y Timuquana. En el qual se contiene lo que se les puede enseñar a los adultos que an de ser baptizados. Mexico City: Impresa de la Viuda de Pedro Balli. (NY Historical Society)
• It is not clear what part III is.  Is it the 1627 Catechismo y Examen?  Nothing on the title page or introduction labels this as part III of a multi-part work.

Here is a link to the page at Codrington with the manuscript:

http://codrington.asc.ox.ac.uk/epbs/r_9_22.php

Transferring ELAN files to FLEx

A friend recently asked for some help in transferring ELAN files to FLEx.

I'm not an ELAN expert, but a few years ago, Michael Galant and I taught a workhop on FLEx at CIESAS in San Cristobal, Chiapas.

It turns out that the method that we developed for the transfer works better than some other methods currently documented, so I decided to post the instructions here.

[Thie screenshots are in Spanish; I think most readers can understand this.]

Exportación de textos ELAN à  FLEx  | Exporting ELAN texts to FLEx

1.      Abre el archivo en ELAN, abre le menú Archivo y selecciona Exportar como y luego Archivo Toolbox (UTF8) | Open the file in ELAN, Open the menu File and choose Export as and then File Toolbox (UTF8).

2.      En la ventana que aparece, las opciones serán más o menos las siguientes: |In the window that opens, the options will be more as less as follows

3.      Haz click en Aceptar y dale un nombre al archivo. | Click Accept and give the file a name.

4.      En FLEx, abre el proyecto, y escoge Textos y Palabras y luego Textos interlineales.  La ventana se verá más o menos así: |In FLEx, open the Project and choose Texts and Words and then Interlinear texts.  The window will look approximately like this.

5.      Abre el menú Archivo y selecciona Importar y luego Texto interlineal en Formato Estándar (SFM) …. | Open the File menu and select Import and then Interlinear text in standard format (SFM)

6.      La ventana será como la siguiente: |The window will look like this.

7.      Navega hasta el paso 3.  | Click OK till you get to the following step.

8.      Ya la ventana se verá así: |The window will look like this.

9.      Para cada marcador, necesitas seleccionarlo y modificarlo para que los campos (\ref, \tx, etc.) correspondan correctamente a los de FLEx.   También necesitas cambiar la lengua de cada campo a la lengua correcta. |For each marker, you need to select it and change it so that the fields (such as \ref, \tx etc.) match the correct fields in FLEx.  You also need to change each field to the correct Writing System.

10.   Después de hacer todo esto, haz clic en el botón Siguiente.  En la ventana siguiente, se dará la posibilidad de guardar el archivo de configuración para usarlo en el futuro.  (Es buena idea si hallas una configuración que sirve bien para tu proyecto.) | After doing this, click the Next button.  In the following window, you have the option to save the configuration to use it in the future.  (A good idea is to find a configuration that works correctly for your project and save it.)

11.   Haz clic en Finalizar.  Ya los datos importados deberían estar presentes en tu proyecto.   Revísalos con cuidado para ver si todo está bien. | Click on Finish.  Now the imported data will be in your project..  Inspect it carefully to make sure that everything is as you want it.

12.   Muchas veces será necesario repetir estos pasos hasta que halles la configuración adecuada. |  You will often need to try a few times with different mappings of the fields to find the one that works best for you.

Discussion of the Timucua burial mound at the University of Florida Levin College of Law

There is a burial mound on the site of the University of Florida Levin College of Law, and I cooperated with the Native American Law Students Association to help rewrite the inscription on the historical marker associated with the mound.

Several of us gave talks about the Native people who used to live in Gainesville.  Here is a link to two talks -- one by me and one by Neill Wallis, curator at the Florida Museum of Natural History.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldCLBC-2nio

Videos of some Timucua presentations

I recently noticed that some of my talks about Timucua topics have been filmed and are up on YouTube.

Here is a discussion of various possible authors of the Timucua materials.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1myChpeMYZA

And here is an old one discussing verbal morphology in Timucua

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6baysNXKAY

New lexical entries

Here are two of the most recent lexical entries.  I am rather proud of having figured out (most) of what these words mean.

The second of these words, pileno, seems to refer to a food which would be considered a delicacy for a feast.  Maybe something like chicken livers?

Proto-Muskogean *N and Timucua t?

Some Proto-Muskogean correspondence sets show a correspondence between /n/ in Western Muskogean and /ł/ in other Muskogean languages.  An example is the following set for FISH:

Choctaw and Chickasaw  nani'
Alabama & Koasati          łało
Hitchiti & Mikasuki         ła:ł-i
Creek                                łało

Mary Haas reconstructed this phoneme as *N, but its phonetic realization has always been somewhat uncertain.

I have begun to notice some cases where this PM phoneme matches with /t/ in Timucua:

FATHER   PM *iNki   Timucua iti
BROTHER (of a woman)  PM *NakfV   Timucua tafi 'brother-in-law (of a woman)'
ARROW PM *Naki  Timucua atulu?

Several PM kin terms end in -ki, which is probably separable.  If the BROTHER word contains a metathesized version of the same -ki, then possibly the pre-Proto-Muskogean are

FATHER pPm *iN(i)
BROTHER pPM *Naf(i)

This relationship might make sense if PM*N = θ.

The Timucua word for spider

Reading through various miracle stories in Pareja's (1627) Catechismo y Examen, I came across the story below which deals with a blasphemer who was eaten by a giant spider. Here I give the text and a rough analysis. The word for 'spider' appears to be satala, though it only appears once in the story. This is currently the only instance of the word in the corpus.

Much about the analysis of this story is not entirely worked out, but the climax of the story is satala iquo acoleta, yò, maninoleta, mine opomomincoqua navrutapitata, which seems to mean literally "a very big (iquo aco) spider, one that was frightening (yò manino), came down (pita) accompanied by (na-uruta) its thread (opomo)"

CatEx f287r-v [A giant spider eats a heretic]

1.1

Hicaco

hica village -co coord

Londres

Londres *London

mononco

mono call -nco RelCl

Inglaterrabeta

Inglaterra *England beta oblique

S

San saint

Pablo

Pablo Paul

Yglesiamitononco

Yglesia church -mitono his (respectful) -nco RelCl

,

inincono

Canturia

Canturia *Canterbury

Arçobispo

mucuqua

mucu in the presence of -qua nsuff

ytahosta

ytaho unknown verb [denounce?] -s benef -ta part

ysimonincono

ysi say -mo Pl:A -ni -ncono determiner? article?

,

ychiqecheno

ychiqecheno shoe

parema

pare sew -ma art

,

yaha

yaha one

herejeleta

hereje heretic(s) -leta indef

SS

Sacramento

Sacramento *sacrament

,

nabosota

na- ins boso honor, praise -ta part

,

nubuatimastetila

nubuatima show reverence -s benef -te part -ti neg -la aff

,

§

In the city of London in England in the church of St Paul, it is told that they denounced a heretic shoemaker before the Archbishop of Canterbury, who had no reverence for the most holy Sacrament.

En la ciudad de Londres en Inglaterra en la Yglesia de S Pablo aconteciò, que denunciaron à un çapatero hereje delante del Arçobispo de Canturia, que no hazia ninguna reverencia al santissimo SACRAMENTO,

1.2

masimoqe

masi say -mo Pl:A -qe if

Arçobispo

michunu

-michunu RelCl

,

"

orobisiecasta

orobisi behave badly ecasta

ysisonincono

,

catoomoqe

ca- thus toomo after -qe if

maqua

-ma art -qua comparative

,

quòstatiquanta

,

heqe

heqe now

toomota

toomo after -ta part

memano

-mi ordinal -mano top

cume

cume heart, chest, soul

vle

vle humility

,

chicosta

chico bite, strike -s benef -ta part

nabosta

nabo praise -s benef -ta part

,

nubuatimasta

nubuatima show reverence -s benef -ta part

hache

=hache =imper

,"

§

The archbishop exhorted him that from then on he should revere it with humility, and the heretic replied shamelessly that a spider was more worthy of reverence.

Exortòle el Arçobispo, que de alli adelante lo reverenciase humilmente, y el hereje con mucha desverguença le respondiò, que una araña era mas digna de reverencia.

1.3

masiqe

masi say -qe and then

hereje

hereje heretic(s)

michunu

-michunu RelCl

hebuano

hebuano word

,

ano

ano person

yuchisati

yuchisati

hebuata

hebua speak -ta part

ypuluta

ypulu reply (with hebua) -ta part

,

isinincono

,

cuyamabeta

cuya -ma art beta oblique

,

nabosota

na- ins boso honor, praise -ta part

nubuatimasta

nubuatima show reverence -s benef -ta part

Sacramentomanacu

,

nabosota

na- ins boso honor, praise -ta part

,

monoleheleqete

mono call le cop -heleqete not at all

moqe

mo say -qe and then

,

naquana

naquana without delay

paha

paha house

abõcobeta

abo high location -nco indef beta oblique

chitoholifa yemabetana

chito head holifa yema betana

,

satala

satala spider

iquo

iquo large

acoleta

acole very -ta part

,

yò

yò feel horror/hatred/repugnance

,

maninoleta

mani feel horror/hatred/repugnance -no nmlz -leta indef

,

mine

mine

opomomincoqua

opomo spiders web -mi 3poss -nco RelCl -qua if

navrutapitata

na- ins vru accompany -ta part pita descend -ta part

puenta

puen come -ta part

blasfemo

hebuaniheti

hebuani word heti evil, demon

,

hebuamichu

hebua speak -michu prev mention

,

opomomichu

opomo spiders web -michu prev mention

,

nipitama

nipita mouth -ma art

,

tanatalabosota nela

ta= away= na- ins talabo put in mouth? -so caus ta nela

,

§

And at that moment from the peak of the roof, a giant and frightening spider came down and wrapped its thread around the blasphemer, and put him it in its mouth.

Y al momento de lo alto de la cu[m]bre del techo, bajando una grandissima y espantosa araña endreçando su hilo al blasfemo, se le puso en la boca.

1.4

ytimileno

ytimileno father (or priest)

puqua puquama

puqua puqua in abundance -ma art

,

enetequa

ene see -tequa so that

intela

in be -te part -la aff

caqi

caqi this

yquòtimono

yquòtimono miracle, mystery

inema

inema all

eneta

ene see -ta part

,

charosamano

Thomas

Baldense

intala

.

Escrive este milagro Tomas valdense, que se hallò presente, con otros muchos Prelados. tom. 2. c. 62. contra Vuielepho.

The miracle of the Jewish boy saved from the furnace

One of the miracles of the sacrament related in the 1627 Catechismo y Examen is the story of a Jewish boy who consumes a piece of the Host at school.  In a rage, his father puts him in an oven.  But miraculously, after three days, he is taken out unharmed.

Here is a brief English summary:

Here are the Spanish and Timucua versions:

Obviously, this story has very nasty historical associations with European anti-Semitism.  Who knows what the Timucua must have thought of these stories of European Jews?

The coverb movement construction in Copala Triqui

Copala Triqui has a construction in which two verbs share a subject when one of the verbs is a verb of motion.  The relationship between the two is reminiscent of control, in that it appears that the two much be in the same aspect and have the same subject.

Some examples.  The first one has a coverb relationship between cavii and ca'anj:

Luke 19:28

Here is another one.  Here the relationship is again between cavii and ca'anj, but the twist is that both are now in lower tone register (shown with underline) because
a.) The first verb is negated, and negation causes the tone register to flip, and
b.) The second verb agrees with the first in register.

John 11:6

Example number 3.  Here I've only clipped the second half of the sentence, starting in the translation with 'and he went and he arrived...'  I think that there are two coverb constructions here, if I understand correctly.  The first is the ca'anj...cuchi' 'go & arrive' in the first line.  The second is the ca'a̱nj...qui'ya̱j 'go and do (medicine)' in the second and third lines.

Notice the repetition of the subject in both cases and the matching register.  (Upper register for the first example, lower register for the second example.)

BTW, there is standard control between the object of the preposition rihaan 'to' following the verb achíín ni'ya̱j 'ask a favor' and complement clause 'go and heal'.

John 4:47

 Example 4 is the same 'go and heal' construction, but in a different passage:

Luke 10:34

Example 5 is from a folktale about possum's tale.  Note the sequence cunánj..ca'anj...quiri'  'ran and went and got'.  

The last example does raise the possibility that some examples of this are a kind of covert coordination.   It would be good to test with speakers whether it is possible to have sequences like this when the subjects are different or the registers do not agree.