St Macarius and the demon carrying bottles

I've been enjoying tracking the little stories embedded in the Colonial Zapotec and Timucua materials.

Here is one story in Spanish and Timucua from the 1613 Timucua Confessional:

My transcription and translation of the Spanish:

No sólo la sacramental confesión cierra la boca al Demonio para que no pueda acusar al pecador, y le confunda: pero aún abre el secreto que tiene en el alma de él que de veras se convierte a Dios, por cuya revelación pierde Satanás, todo el derecho que tenía en el pecador. Qui denuntiat arcana amici fidem perdit. Él que descubre los secretos pierde la amistad del amigo secreto. Escondido del Demonio es el pecado en alma del pecador, la confesión santa le descubre y revela, y descubierto pierde la inicua amistad, que el pecador tenía con la antigua serpiente, lo que sumamente deberíamos procurar. 

Encontrando San Macario al demonio, todo cargado de redomillas, le preguntó, “Qué significan esas redomillas?” [f30] Respondió Satanás, “Bebidas son que doy a los monjes, cuando los tiento y llevo tantas porque si no quieren beber, de una beban de otra.” “Dime,” preguntó Macario, “Y bebió de ellas alguno?” Respondió el Demonio, “Teoristo bebió de ellas.” Dada esta respuesta, desapareció el enemigo. Como fuese San Macario a donde estaban los monjes, y le saliese ellos a recibir con palmas en sus manos fuese derecho a la celda de Teoristo, rogándole se confesase con él, de todos sus pensamientos, lo cual hizo el monje con mucha humildad tornando a encontrar el Santo al Demonio le preguntó, cómo le iba con sus monjes, respondió que mal, porque ya todos quedaban santificados por medio de la confesión. 

Ninguna cosa tanto desagrada al Demonio cuanto el revelarle los secretos por eso se colgó Achitofel, porque Cusi reveló su secreto, y traición a David, ninguno encomendará su secreto de buena gana, a los que son muy parleros, y así el Demonio, a los que son muy solícitos en las confesiones, de mala gana encomienda los secretos de sus malas sugestiones y pecados, porque ve, que le guardan la mala fidelidad, que él quería. Cesareo cuenta, que fue a París, un gran Teólogo y afamado Predicador, el cual estando una vez en su oratorio, vio al Demonio a quién conjurando, preguntó “Cuál es la cosa entre los hombres, que más pesadumbre, y enojo os da a vosotros?” Respondió Satanás, “Ninguna cosa nos da tanta molestia, ni nos quita tanto las fuerzas, cuanto la pura y limpia confesión. Cuando está el hombre, en pecado mortal todo le tenemos atado porque no cumpla la voluntad de Dios, sino la muestra, por confesados sus pecados queda luego libre, de nuestras manos, y hábil para toda buena obra.” Lo mismo respondió el Demonio, al Angelico Doctor Santo Tomas.

(My translation)

The sacramental confession doesn’t only close the mouth of the Devil so that he can’t accuse the sinner, and confuse him [the devil], but it even opens the secret that he [the devil?] has in the soul of him who truly converts himself to God, through whose revelation Satan loses all right that he had to the sinner. “He that discloseth the secret of a friend loseth credit.”[1] He who discovers secrets loses the friendship of the secret friend. Hidden by the Devil is the sin in the soul of the sinner; the holy confession discovers and reveals it, and discovered loses the nefarious friendship which the sinner had with the ancient serpent, that which we should extremely try to do. 

Saint Macario, encountering the devil, all packed with little bottles, asked him, “What do those little bottles mean?” Responded Satan, “They are drinks that I give to the monks when I tempt them, and I carry so many because if they don’t want to drink from one, they drink from another.” “Tell me,” asked Macario, “And did someone drink from them?” Responded the Devil, “Teoristo drank from them.” Having given this response, the enemy disappeared. Then San Macario went  to where the monks were, and they left to receive him with palms in their hands; he went right to Teoristo’s cell, begging him to confess himself with him of all his thoughts, which the monk did with great humility. The Saint returning to find the Devil, he asked him how it went with his monks. [The devil] responded that [it went] badly, because they all were now sanctified through the method of confession. 

Nothing displeased the Devil as much as revealing his secrets; because of this Achitofel hung himself, because Cusi revealed his secret and betrayal of David. No one will entrust his secret willingly to those who are very talkative, and in this way the Devil, to those who are very obliging in the confession, grudgingly entrusts the secrets of his evil suggestions and sins, because he sees that they harbor unfaithfulness, which he wanted. Cesareo says that a great Theologian and famed Preacher went to Paris, who being one time in prayer, saw the Devil; conjuring him, he asked, “What is the thing among men which gives you the most grief and anger.” Responded Satan, “Nothing gives us more trouble, nor takes strength from us as much as pure and clean confession. When a man is in mortal sin, we have all of him tied, because he doesn’t fulfill the will of God; but it is shown to him through having confessed his sins, he remains afterwards free from our hands, and able to do any good work.” The same responded the Devil to the Angelic Doctor Saint Thomas.

==

I was able to find another version of the Spanish story here on Google Play:

Significant I think, is that this version is followed by the same discussion of Achitofel and Chusi that follows the San Macario episode in Timucua.

This book 

Libro intitulado Iornadas para el Cielo

by Cristobal Moreno (O.F.M) published in 1596 seems like the source for many things in the Timucua confessional.

St Dominic and the demoniac, continued

Here is a beginning of a translation of the story which is introduced in the preceding post:

Predicando en Francia en la ciudad de Carcasona nuestro Padre Santo Domingo la devocion del Rosario de nuestra Señora, fueron innumerables las personas que con ella reduxo a servir a la Virgen, escriviendose por cofrades suyos. Reparando un herege Albigense en el mucho fruto que desto se seguia, y llevandolo pesadamente, condenava no solo los sermones del Santo, sino su vida, poniendo lengua en su honra. Armava contra el mil testimonios falsos, y con atrevimiento temerario le calumniava la doctrina Catolica que predicava. Desto se siguieron intolerables daños, y muy grandes inconvenientes, porque algunos hereges que estavan dispuestos para abjurar sus errores, y dedicarse por media de la devocion del Rosario a nuestra Señora, se apartavan de resolucion tan importante, perseverando en sus errores. Y queriendo la soberana Reyna del Cielo manifestar al mundo, quan agradable le era esta devocion, por justo juizio de Dios fue el entregado a los demonios, los quales de tal manera el atormentavan, que de los dolores vino a quedar tan rabioso, que con los dientes despedezava sus vestiduras. Y mostrando la furia de muchas maneras, deseavan sus padres reprimirle, y assi le ataron con cadenas de hierro, no le bastando cordeles, porque todos los rompia. Dava vozes, clamores, y gritos, dezia blasfemias, hablava en todas lenguas, y descubria los pecados ocultos de algunos. Sus padres, y amigos, viendo esto, determinaron llevarle a Santo Domingo, y rogarle que pues de otros muchos avia lanzado demonios, se compadeciesse tambien deste miserable.

Estava predicando el Santo a esta sazon la devocion del santissimo Rosaio, y el auditorio era tan grande, que parecia esta alli toda la ciudad.  Llegó el endemoniado a presencia del santo Predicador, y los que le traian, y acompañavan le pidieron con grande instancia le curasse, expeliendo los demonios que le fatiguavan. Cosa maravillosa, que luego se comenzaron a oir en este hombre vozes de muchas personas, que hablavan entre si, con que todos los circunstantes se atemorizavan. Y levantando la voz el bienaventurado Santo Domingo, dixo: Gracias os doy Dios, y Señor mio, que con el testimonio deste hombre, que tanta contradicion me ha procurado hazer, se comprovorá mi doctrina, y bolviendose al endemoniado, prosiguio diziendo: Espiritus malignus, en nombre de santissima Trinidad, y de la bienaventurada Virgen Maria Señora nuestra, y en honor de su Rosario santissimo (de que aora he predicado) os mando, que respondais claramente delante de todo este pueblo a lo que os preguntare, dezidme lo primero:

And in English:

While our Father St Dominic was preaching devotion to the Rosary of our Lady in France in the city of Carcasonne, there were innumerable persons who came to serve the virgin because of it, joining (?) brotherhoods.  An Albigensian heretic, noticing in it much more benefit than in [the heresy] that he followed, and taking it hard, condemned not only the sermons of the Saint, but even his life, raising his tongue against his honor.  He prepared a thousand false testamonies against him, and with frighting gall, he mocked the Catholic doctrine that he preached.  From this came intolerable damage and great problems, because some heretics who were ready to renounce their errors and dedicate themselves to our Lady through the devotion of the Rosary, separated themselves from this very importation resolution, persisting in their errors.  And because the sovereign Queen of Heaven wanted to show the world how agreeable this devotion was to her, through the justice of God, this heretic was possessed by demons, who tormented him so much that he he rabidly tore his clothes to pieces with his teeth.  And filled with fury, his parents wanted to restrain him, and so they tied him with iron chains, since ropes were not enough; he had broken all the ropes.  Speaking in voices, shouts, and screams, he said blasphemies, spoke in all languages, and discovered the hidden sins of others.  His parents and friends, seeing this, decided to carry him to St Dominic and beg him to take compassion on this miserable man, since he had cast demons out of many others.
The saint was preaching at that time the devotion of the most holy Rosary, and the auditorium was so big that it seemed like the whole city was there.  The demoniac arrived in the presence of the holy Preacher, and those who brought him asked insistently that he cure him, casting out the demons that were fatiguing him.  An amazing thing -- that voices of many person started to be heard inside that person, talking to each other, which terrified all those surrounding.  And raising his voice the blessed St Dominic said "I give you thanks, God, My Lord, that with this testimony of this man, who has offered me such opposition, my doctrine will be proved." And turning to the demoniac, he proceeded saying "Evil spirit, in the name of the holy Trinity, and of the blessed Virgin Mary, our Lady, and in honor of her most holy Rosary (which I have now preached), I command you that you respond clearly in front of all this town to all that I will ask you, Tell me first.

St Dominic cures a demoniac: Tentative matching between Zapotec and Spanish

Much of Aguero (1666) is monolingual Zapotec, but most of it seems to be translated from Spanish originals.  Locating similar Spanish texts is key to working out the Zapotec.  The following Zapotec exemplum ("St Dominic cures a demoniac")  seems to me to a probable match for the miracle of the Rosary in Alonso Fernandez (here).

The likely correspondence in Alonso Fernandez is the following:

The devoted shepherdess: The Timucua version

In my last post, I described Spanish and Zapotec versions of an exemplum I will call The devoted shepherdess.  The following version of the story is from Gregorio de Movilla (1635):

A few notable differences between the earlier Spanish version and this one:

1. The identity of the priests as Dominicans is not mentioned here.  (The Timucua version is produced by Franciscans.)
2. The meaning of the different clothing for the maidens is explained by their different degrees of piety in this version, but not in the Alonso Fernandez version.
3. The death of the parents is mentioned here, but not in the Alonso Fernandez version.

A monolingual Zapotec exemplum and a possible Spanish original: The devoted shepherdess

Here is a story about a devoted shepherdess from Aguero (1666).

The key to locating the original is the handwritten note "fol 242 F Alonzo Fernandez".    The book is

Historia y anales de la deuocion y milagros del Rosario: desde su origen hasta año mil y seis cientos y veinte y seis : con los fauores de Nuestra Señora a la Orden de Predicadores y seruicios desta familia a su magestad 
 by Alonso Fernandez (1627)
is available at this site at Google Play.

Here is the cover page:

I find the the scanned Google version hard to work with, so here are screen shots of the text:

The same story is also found in Movilla 1635 in Timucua, but many details of the Spanish are different.

Here is a first pass transcript of the Spanish and its translation:

En un aldea guardava una virtuosa pastorzita las ovejas que su pobre padre tenia. Era su exercicio mientras el ganado estava en siesta, ò andava hervajando, recogerse a una pequeña Ermita de nuestra Señora que en aquellos montes avia. En ella con el poco reparo, se juntava estar la Imagen de la Virgen soberana, y de su Hijo, no con aquella decencia de vestidos que era justo. Congoxavase la pobre donzella, viendo quan poco podia para remediar aquella necessidad. Estando un dia alli recogida con un fetuoroso pensamiento, dixo: O Reyna del cielo, quien pudiera componer y vestir esta vuestra Imagen à medida de mis deseos: pero pues no puedo ponerlos en execucion, quieroos dar otros vestidos mejores, y mas a vuestro gusto, que son las Ave Marias del Rosario. En cumplimiento desto perserverò algunos años, yendose cada dia à aquella Ermita à rezar esta devocion. Vino a enfermar de muerte, y estando ya al cabo, yvan caminando dos Religioso de la Orden de Santo Domingo; y passando por cerca de aquella Ermita despoblada, el uno necessitado de un pesado sueño que le sobrevino (no a caso, sino con orden del cielo, para lo que se verà) se recogio à ella à descansar un poco. El otro Religioso se desvio del camino, y debaxo de un arbol començò a rezar sus devociones. Estando rezando, advirtio, que venian por el camino adelante hazia el aldea una gran compañia de donzellas vestidas de ropas de colores, de dos en dos; las quales llegando ante el, le saludaron. Aviendo passado estas, vinieron luego otras hermosas por tordo estremo vestidas de blanco; las quales tambien le hizieron cortesia. Despues vino otro esquadron de Virgenes, cuya hermosura era sobre humana, vestidas de blanco, y carmesi, que traìan como por guia, y Señora à una donzella, que las excedia à todas en hermosura, y Magestad. Traìa el manto sembrado todo de rosas blancas, y coloradas, y en la cabeça una corona, ò guirnalda hecha con maravilloso artificio. A esta Señora suplicò el Religioso le hiziesse merced de dezirle quien era, y la gente que la acompañava, y adonde caminavan. Respondio: Yo soy la Reyna del cielo abogada de los pecadores, que nunca falto à los que con verdad me llaman. Traygo conmigo estas Virgines que has visto, que son del cielo, y vamos à un lugarejo que esta aqui cerca à visitar una devota mia, que me ha hecho un servicio grande, y rezandome cada dia el Rosario; con el qual me ha vestido, y coronado, adornandome qual me ves. Acabando de dezir esto la Virgen, desaparecio con toda aquella celestial compañia. Refirio el santo Religioso el caso a su compañero, que tambien avia tenido la misma revelacion, estando recogido en la ermita. Con deseo de ver el sucesso de tan estraño caso, se dieron priessa à caminar, y llegaron presto al lugar. No hallaron rastro de lo que buscavan; ya que se querian partir, les salio un hombre al encuentro, el qual les guio a una casa pagiza, adonde la pastorzita santa estava echada sobre unas pieles, con un costal de paja a la cabecera: casa pobre de bienes, pero mas rico que han tenido todos los Principes del mundo, por estar aposentada en ella la Reyna del cielo con el acompañamiento dicho. Vieron a su Magestad los Religiosos a la cabecera de aquella dichosa pastora, con una guirnalda de rosas en las manos, esperando que su alma santa se despidiesse de la grosseria de la carne para coronarla, y llevarla consigo. Vieron con las donzellas, que està dicho, muchos Angeles, que con suave, y acordada musica autorizavan la choça, hasta que la santa donzella espirò, y la soberana Virgen con la compañia celestial llevò el alma de la difunta al cielo. Esta revelacion tan en particular aprovechò mucho, para que de aì adelante los Religiosos de santa Domingo predicassen con grande fervor esta santa devocion.

A first translation:

In a village, a virtuous shepherdess watched the sheep that her poor father owned.  It was her habit while the sheep were sleeping or grazing to go to small shrine to our Lady that was in the mountains there.  In it with little [reparo], the image of the sovereign Virgin and her Son were together without the proper decent clothing.  The poor shepherdess was in anguish, seeing how little she could do to fix this necessity.  She was there one day in [fetuoroso] thought and said "O, Queen of Heaven, if only I were able to fix and clothe this your Image in accordance with my desires; but I cannot put them in effect. I want to give you other better clothes, and more to your taste, which are the Ave Marias of the Rosary."  In fulfillment of this, she persisted for some years, coming every day to the shrine to pray this devotion.  

She became deathly ill, and being at the brink, two priests of the order of Saint Dominic came walking by, and passed near that abandoned shrine. A deep need for sleep overcame one of them (not by accident, but by the order of heaven, as we will see), and he went to the shrine to rest a bit.  The other priest left the road, and began to pray under a tree.  As he was praying, he noticed that a large group of maidens in colorful clothes were coming along the road ahead toward the village, two by two.  When they came by him, they greeted him. Then came another group, extremely beautiful, dressed in white; they also greeted him.  After them, came another group of superhuman beauty, dressed in white and crimson, who were led by a Lady who exceeded all in beauty and majesty. She wore a cloak sewn with white and red roses, and on her head was a crown or garland made with marvelous skill.  The priest asked this lady to be so kind as to tell him who she was, who accompanied her, and where they were going. She answered "I am the Queen of heaven, advocate of sinners, who has never failed those who truly call me.  I bring with me these virgins you have seen, who are from heaven, and we are going to a place near here to visit one of my devotees, who has done me a great service, praying the Rosary every day; with this she has clothed me and crowned me, adorning me as you see." As she finished saying this, the Virgin disappeared with all that heavenly company.

The priest explained all this to his companion, who had also had the same revelation while in the shrine.  Wanting to see the outcome of such a strange thing, they walked quickly and soon arrived at the place. They didn't find a trace of what they were looking for, and just as they were about to leave, they met a man who led them to a house made of straw where the holy shepherdess was laid out on some skins, with a sack of straw at her head.  It was a house poor in goods, but richer than all the princes of the world, having been hosted the Queen of heaven with her entourage.  The priests saw her Majesty at the head of that fortunate shepherdess with a garland of roses in her hands, waiting for her soul to leave her crude body in order to crown her and take her away.  They saw along with the maidens, many angels, who serenaded the shack with soft, sweet music until the holy shepherdess died, and the sovereign Virgin and her entourage carried the soul of the deceased to heaven.  This revelation was very beneficial, so that from then on, the priests of St Dominic preached this holy devotion with great fervor.

Phylogenetic trees for Zapotec

I've been frustrated by how hard it is to draw decent language tree diagrams for historical linguistics.  Something today made me think to look at the software that evolutionary biologists use, and I found TreeGraph 2.   This is free, and produced the very nice diagrams below.

"Embarrassed of"

To my ears, the normal preposition after "embarrassed"  is by, but I have increasingly hearing embarrassed of.

A few other language writers have noticed the same thing:
English language and usage
Grammarphobia

I was interested to see what Google N-gram shows.  I have multiplied the frequency of embarrassed of by 100 to make the line more visible.  It is still very infrequent compared to embarrassed by, but its frequency is indeed increasing: